the effect of artemisia annua l. (asteraceae) essential oil on detoxify enzymes of two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae)

tetranychus urticae koch is an important and destructive pest of crops, fruits and ornamental plants in worldwide. the high fecundity of t. urticae and its abruptly life span as well as the extensive application of acaricides for keeping t. urticae damages below economic injury level, caused to resistance to acaricides and control failures. in this research the fumigant activity of essential oil vapours distilled from artemisia annua l. was tested against adults of t. urticae. the results of bioassay indicated that lc50 of essential oil on adults was 1.13 µl/l. also the effect of several concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.7 and 3) was surveyed on esterase and glutathione-s-tarnsferase activity and monooxygenases content. results showed that essential oil concentrations were reduced esterase and glutathione-s-transferase activity and monoxygenases content. the inhibitory effects of essential oil were also evaluated on esterases patterns in page. results revealed that two bands of esterase were detected in control and when essential oil concentrations were increased, the esterase activity was more inhibited. band intensity was decreased with increasing in concentration.